Smart Quintuple Helix Innovation Systems by Elias G. Carayannis & David F. J. Campbell

Author:Elias G. Carayannis & David F. J. Campbell
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030015176
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

2.A possible (partial) congruence and coevolution of knowledge and democracy: Here, two developments run in parallel that have features of a congruence and coevolution.The pluralization of knowledge : Advanced and further advancing (multi-level) knowledge and innovation systems can be characterized by a pluralism and diversity of knowledge and innovation modes. This pluralism is in fact necessary for promoting the continued development of knowledge societies and knowledge economies. Based on such a dynamics, a “democracy of knowledge” emerges, with pluralistic knowledge and innovation modes, with possible coevolutionary effects of a cross-learning. Advanced knowledge takes over structural elements of a democracy, i.e., behaves like a pluralistic democracy. “Mode 3” (Carayannis & Campbell, 2006, 2009) emphasizes this pluralism and coevolution of different and diverse knowledge and innovation modes.4 Cross-learning between knowledge modes in Mode 3 potentially softens the sharp edges of the “creative destruction” in the economic-technological vision of Schumpeter (1976/1942) and moves the systems in favor of a “creative learning” and a “creative coevolution.” Mode 3 stresses hybrid combinations and possibilities of combination between Mode 1 and Mode 2 or between basic research, on the one hand, and applied research and experimental, on the other.5 For Mode 3 it is crucial that Mode 2 problem-solving in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries (and most likely also beyond) is cross-connected with types of a Mode 1 basic research.6 “Quadruple Helix” (Carayannis & Campbell, 2009) adds to the “university-industry-government relations” of the Triple Helix model the fourth helix of a “media-based and culture-based public” that also includes culture and values. This spreading of knowledge also helps building a knowledge democracy with political citizens that have the knowledge of making informed decisions.

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